mysql常用sql语句整理

2016-11-24

增

  • 增加一张表

    CREATE TABLE `table_name`(
      ...
      )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

  • 增加记录

    INSERT INTO `your_table_name`(`column_name`)
    VALUES
    ('your_value_one'),
    ('your_value_two');

  • 增加字段

    ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
    ADD `your_column_name` ...
    AFTER `column_name`;

  • 增加索引

    • 主键
      ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
      ADD PRIMARY KEY your_index_name(your_column_name);
    • 唯一索引
      ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
      ADD UNIQUE your_index_name(your_column_name);
    • 普通索引
      ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
      ADD INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name);
    • 全文索引
      ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
      ADD FULLTEXT your_index_name(your_column_name);

删

  • 逐行删除

    DELETE FORM `table_name`
    WHERE ...;

  • 清空整张表

    TRUNCATE TABLE `your_table_name`;

  • 删除表

    DROP TABLE `your_table_name`;

  • 删除字段

    ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
    DROP `column_name`;

  • 删除索引

    ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
    DROP INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name);

改

  • 变更数据

    UPDATE `table_name`
    SET column_name=your_value
    WHERE ...;

  • 变更字段

    ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
    CHANGE `your_column_name` `your_column_name` ...(变更);

  • 变更字段值为另一张表的某个值

    UPDATE `your_table_name`
    AS a
    JOIN `your_another_table_name`
    AS b
    SET a.column = b.another_column
    WHERE a.id = b.a_id...;

查

  • 普通查询

    SELECT `column_name_one`, `column_name_two`
    FROM `table_name`;

  • 关联查询

    SELECT *
    FROM `your_table_name`
    AS a
    JOIN `your_anther_table_name`
    AS b
    WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...;

  • 合计函数条件查询：WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用

    SELECT aggregate_function(column_name)
    FROM your_table_name
    GROUP BY column_name
    HAVING aggregate_function(column_name)...;

  • 同一个实例下跨库查询

    SELECT *
    FROM database_name.your_table_name
    AS a
    JOIN anther_database_name.your_anther_table_name
    AS b
    WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...;

复制一张表结构

CREATE `your_table_name`
LIKE `destination_table_name`;

完全复制一张表：表结构+全部数据

CREATE `your_table_name`
LIKE `destination_table_name`;

INSERT INTO `your_table_name`
SELECT *
FROM `destination_table_name`;

附录：mysql常用命令

  • 登陆： mysql -h host -u username -p
  • 列出数据库：SHOW DATABESES;
  • 列出表：SHOW TABLES;
  • 表结构：DESC table_name;
  • 使用一个数据库：USE database_name;
  • 导入：source ‘file’;
  • 导出：mysqldump -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p “database_name” “table_name” –where=”condition” > file_name.sql;

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